Showing posts with label adverse selection. Show all posts
Showing posts with label adverse selection. Show all posts

Friday, November 29, 2013

Welfarism 27: On Support for Single Mothers and HIV Patients

Two stories here illustrates why state welfarism causes adverse selection problems. This problem shows when the things that are supposed to be avoided come out as a result of the government intervention.

Case one is giving long term child and family support for single mothers, USA. So more young women turn up getting pregnant with no husbands. Case two is giving monetary support plus other healthcare benefits for HIV patients, so some people injected HIV virus in their body to be entitled to these benefits.
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(1) From Capitalism facebook page:

An emergency room physician told me that a woman in her late 20's came to the ER today with her 8th pregnancy.

She told the first doctor she saw: "My Mama told me that I am the breadwinner for the family." He asked her to explain. She said that she can make babies, and babies get money from the State for the family. It goes like this:

The Grandma calls the Department of Child & Family Services, and states that the unemployed daughter is not capable of caring for all of her kids.

DCFS agrees, and tells her the children will need to go into foster care.

The Grandma then volunteers to be the foster parent, and receives a check for $1500 per child each month in Illinois.

Total yearly income: $144,000 tax-free and nobody has to go to work!
In fact, they get more if there is no husband/father/man in the home!

Not to mention free healthcare (Medicaid), plus a monthly card entitling them to free groceries and a voucher for 250 free Obamaphone minutes each month. This does not include WIC and other welfare benefits...that they are "entitled" to. Indeed, Grandma was correct that her fertile daughter is the "breadwinner" for the family.

This is how the liberal politicians spend our tax dollars. When this generous program was invented in the '60s, the Great Society architects forgot to craft an end date... and now we are hopelessly overrun with people who vote only for those who will continue to keep them on the dole....

No wonder our country is broke!
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(2) From RT, November 26, 2013, http://rt.com/news/greece-hiv-euro-benefits-298/

…The WHO report ‘Review of Social Determinants and the Health Divide in the WHO European Region’ concludes that the staggering levels of unemployment and mandated financial austerity have hit European citizens hard, especially those in Greece, where the jobless level stood at 27 percent in September.

The economic crisis that began in 2008 has “exacerbated” health problems in parts of Europe, exposing “stark social and economic inequities within and between countries.” Greece is the hardest hit, with the country’s economy shrinking to the point of nearly knocking it out of the eurozone completely.

The report published last week says the HIV rates in Greece have risen “significantly” since 2008. It estimates about half of new HIV infections are self-inflicted “to enable people to receive benefits of 700 euro per month and faster admission on to drug-substitution programs.” 


However, The Press Project has pointed out an inaccuracy in the WHO report, saying the organization was not correct while quoting a 2011 study published in the Lancet, which “described accounts of deliberate self-infection by a few individuals,” but did not give exact statistics -  “about a half,” as stated in the recent report. 

An hour later same day, this news from the same RT came out.

The WHO has mistakenly over exaggerated the data in its recent report on Greece, stating that half of new HIV cases are self-inflicted to receive benefits. The organization has apologized saying it was due to an editing error.

“The sentence should read: ‘half of the new HIV cases are self-injecting and out of them few are deliberately inflicting the virus’,” the WHO (World Health Organization) said in its correction. 
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While the goal of the policy is noble, to help those who are suffering from HIV disease, it is an opportunity that some people, desperate or not, can grab to make money. When you support or encourage something, more takers will come. If you discourage something, less takers will come. One more reason why BIG government and state welfarism is inefficient.
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Thursday, November 21, 2013

Mining 37: Adverse Selection of Anti-Corporate Mining View

* This is my article today in Mining Week.
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In a Reuters special report, Philippines' black market is China's golden connection published on August 22, 2012, the story mentioned the following:

* Hundreds of small-scale mines in Mt. Diwata (or “Mt. Diwalwal”), Monkayo, Compostela Valley, Mindanao. One person  sold 5.49 grams of gold in his hand - his share of the day's output - for 8,260 pesos ($200). That's more than 16 times what a manual laborer earns daily in Manila.

* Up to 90 percent of small-scale Philippine gold production is being smuggled out, much of it to China.
Potential revenue loss is big.

* The Philippines, the world's 18th largest gold miner, produced just over 1 million troy ounces of gold in 2011, worth $1.6 billion at current prices. About 56 percent of that came from small-scale miners.

* A top central bank official told Reuters new taxes on gold sales imposed last year appear to be a key factor in the alarming rise in gold smuggling.

* “All the production of small-scale mines, almost all, now goes to the black market, because there is no tax in the black market," said Rex Banggawan, an accountant for a small-scale mining cooperative that buys and sells gold in the mountain city of Baguio in northern Philippines. "After that, smuggling is automatic."

* Arthur Uy, Governor of Compostela Valley, the top small-scale gold mining province in the Philippines, said the black market in gold is mainly based in the capital, Manila. "Most of the gold is being smuggled out to Hong Kong, that's the biggest market," said Uy, a two-term governor.

* The amount of gold sold by small-scale miners and traders to the Philippine central bank in the second quarter plunged 98 percent from a year earlier. By law, all gold produced by miners in the Philippines should be sold to the central bank at around world market prices. Small-scale gold mining output, is the main source of the central bank's gold reserves, which hit a record high of $10.4 billion early this year.

* Traders and officials say the biggest factor behind the spike in the gold smuggling trend the past year is a 2 percent excise tax and a 5 percent withholding tax approved in 2008 but which the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) only started enforcing last year. The tax is imposed on gold sales to the central bank, so is usually borne by the traders.

* Tagum city, the provincial capital of Davao del Norte, is the biggest gold-buying centre nearest to Mount Diwata. Gold traders in Tagum say if not for the tax, they would rather sell to the central bank than in the black market where prices fluctuate fast.
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This development is what the public, the militant anti-mining environmentalists included, ironically get. A case of “adverse selection” problem in Economics. The things that they do not want to hear and see are what they get. When  large-scale and corporate mining is demonized, these firms that cannot avoid paying various taxes, fees and royalties because they are large enough to hide behind the mob, the firms that must comply with Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB-DENR) requirements and LGU regulations on giving various CSR projects to communities, then less corporate mining will happen.

Many local politicians and businessmen who own the mines can afford to be less caring of the mountain and the personnel.

One way to bridge the huge gap between large-scale corporate mining and small-scale guerilla type mining, is to encourage the latter to pool resources and become more transparent, more accountable, for their activities. It can be in the form of mining cooperatives, or a hybrid of corporate mining with lots of small holder investors.

When a business enterprise becomes big, like the multinationals or local firms which have joint venture and corporate partnership with multinationals, they are forced to become more transparent. They have websites, their corporate officers are there, they report to the SEC, BIR, MGB, LGUs. Often they are also listed in the stock market and hence, they report publicly to their shareholders and potential share buyers. Then there is the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) that both public and private agencies must divulge and submit information.

With such multiple system of reporting to government agencies, private investors and third party information reporting system, a large scale mining firm cannot afford to be too secretive of its mineral output, its tax payment and CSR projects.

Where there is more transparency, more accountability follows. And less environmental destruction, less disregard for health and labor regulations can be expected.
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