Tuesday, April 07, 2026

BWorld 860, Trump’s war and energy damage

Trump’s war and energy damage

March 31, 2026 | 12:02 am

My Cup Of Liberty

By Bienvenido S. Oplas, Jr.

https://www.bworldonline.com/opinion/2026/03/31/739830/trumps-war-and-energy-damage/

 

We are now on the fifth week of US President Donald Trump’s war against Iran and things are still bad.

 

I have seen some good and bad news in BusinessWorld recently. The good news: “Marcos says Philippine oil supply secure beyond 45 days” (March 26), “ASEAN summit to go ahead in May, but shortened to ‘bare bones’ program due to Middle East conflict” (March 27), and, “Manila, Beijing resume talks on South China Sea, energy security” (March 29). The bad news: “PHL growth forecast cut to 4.5% — ING” (March 29), and, “Oil-shock vulnerability blamed on deregulation” (March 29).

 

Country leaders, especially those from East Asia, must meet in person and craft various options to sustain growth as all of them are more badly affected by the Trump war compared to Europe, or North and South America, or Africa. They can get their oil and gas from their respective continents, but East Asia is highly dependent on Middle East oil and gas.

 

The Philippines should prioritize energy cooperation with China, Vietnam, and Malaysia, not bickering with China. This should include wider exploration and development of offshore oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, and sharing of these resources, technology, and investments which will produce more common benefits.

 


And it is simply wrong to blame oil deregulation for the current oil price shocks. We would do better to blame the climate alarmism that demonizes further development of oil, gas, and coal production, which are all very useful.

 

The prices of all fossil fuel products have risen. People will hate the higher prices, but they cannot honestly say, “Leave fossil fuels, save the planet.” They will prefer to save their economies, jobs, and businesses — and oil, gas, and coal produce many of the industrial by-products they use, like petrochemicals, fertilizers, and coal ash for cement production.

 

Non-fossil fuel sources of power — solar, wind, and nuclear — have experienced contractions in prices. Meaning investors and businesses are not rushing to go there, as they are not substitutes for fossil fuels.

 

Among the industrial and petrochemical products are bitumen used for asphalt and road construction, methanol for adhesives and foams, naptha for producing plastics and chemicals, sulfur and urea for fertilizers, styrene and butadiene monomers to produce synthetic rubber tires for our cars, trucks, tractors and even bicycles.

 

These are some of the byproducts that crude oil and gas can produce. Wind, solar, and biomass cannot produce these. Hence, investors are not rushing to wind-solar amidst the current oil and gas price and supply shocks.

 

Executive Secretary Ralph G. Recto announced last Sunday that the government has secured a firm order of 1.04 million barrels of diesel; the first batch will arrive this week. He added that the country will receive a steady supply of coal from Indonesia. This is good. We should see more energy diplomacy, more assurances of oil, gas, and coal supply via trade, not more war mongering.

 

Finally, some quick comments on three issues.

 

1. Some big solar plants are already in place, so we should use them. Yesterday Meralco PowerGen Corp. (MGEN) announced that its affiliate, Terra Solar Philippines, Inc. (MTerra Solar), has successfully energized the first 250 megawatts (MW) of its solar capacity. So it is now starting as an electricity producer and contributing to the country’s power needs.

 

MTerra Solar also energized the first of its battery energy storage system (BESS). It can deliver up to 450 megawatt-hours (MWh) of energy to the grid at night. This is largest operating BESS in the Philippines.

 

MGEN President and CEO Manny Rubio optimistically and correctly stated that “MTerra Solar plays an important role in supporting the country’s near-term energy requirements. The project’s phased energization enables earlier delivery of capacity to the grid, helping efforts to maintain stable electricity prices amid evolving global conditions.”

 

2. The real purpose of the suspension of market transactions of the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM) is not clear because market suspension is normally done during calamities like strong typhoons and earthquakes, when power plants and transmission or distribution lines are knocked out resulting in power shortages. Any available power plant anywhere then must dispatch power, and these running plants can dictate pricing, so “administered pricing” by the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) is done. Administered price is computed by averaging the last four weeks of similar days at similar intervals in prices.

 

But currently all generation companies (gencos) are available except those with scheduled maintenance. An increase in their prices is due to the rise in marginal costs, the fuel costs, and not to “market abuse” because competition is still working. If the government wants to conserve fuel and shut down certain power plants like those using diesel and bunker fuel, the easiest thing to do is for the Energy department to tell them to shut down, and not suspend market operations.

 

3. Earth Hour 2026, which was held last Saturday, was another failure in asking the public to “celebrate darkness for one hour.” I checked the website of the Independent Electricity Market Operator of the Philippines last Saturday night and saw that there was no decline, not even a blip, in electricity demand from 8:30-9:30 p.m. that day. People want brightness, not darkness. They want energy abundance, not energy poverty.

PhilStar 87, Energy diplomacy and DOE leadership

Energy diplomacy and DOE leadership

ENERGY, INFRA AND ECONOMICS - Bienvenido Oplas Jr. - The Philippine Star

April 2, 2026 | 12:00am

https://www.philstar.com/business/2026/04/02/2518414/energy-diplomacy-and-doe-leadership

 


Energy diplomacy is an emerging important track to ensure economic stability of many countries that are badly suffering from low supply of oil-gas and hence, high prices of these important commodities. Oil-gas do not only mean diesel and gasoline, LPG and electricity. Oil-gas also mean  naptha and bitumen, methanol and polyethelene, synthetic rubber and fertilizers, and many more.

 

Consider these recent reports in The Philippine STAR: “Recto: 1.04 million barrels of diesel expected to arrive this week” (March 29), “Fuel supply issues shut more than 300 gas stations” (March 30), “Petron confirms 2.48M barrels of Russian oil purchased, says it may buy more” (March 30), “Philippines’ fuel supply extended to nearly 51 days” (March 31).

 

Securing alternative supply of oil and gas in a short period of time is good energy diplomacy done by Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Sharon Garin. The DOE facilitated the 2.48 million barrels imported by Petron from Russia while negotiating with other countries for continued or new supply of oil-gas-coal that help strengthen our domestic energy security while global energy uncertainties continue.

 

Last March 29, Executive Secretary Ralph Recto issued a good statement lauding both Petron and Garin, “Petron’s pledge that it will tirelessly secure both traditional and alternative sources to keep our supply stable should be a source of calm and comfort…. the oil diplomacy led by Secretary Sharon Garin has resulted in the firm order of 1.04 million barrels of diesel... From Indonesia also comes the ironclad guarantee of a steady supply of coal.”

 

Last March 26, the DOE received the first shipment of 22.58 million liters or 142,000 barrels of diesel imported under its Emergency Energy Security Program of Executive Order 110 to strengthen the country’s oil supply. DOE attached agency Philippine National Oil Co. (PNOC) and PNOC Exploration Corp. (PNOC-EC) facilitated this with the goal of securing up to two million barrels of additional oil supply for the country.

 

Petron lost four million barrels of canceled Middle East crude when the Strait of Hormuz was choked – two million barrels on Feb. 28 or Day One of attack of Iran, then another two million barrels on March 7. Petron, with the go-signal from the DOE and DOF, negotiated with Russia to keep its refinery in Bataan, the only oil refinery in the country, running until at least June. Petron produces 30 percent of the Philippines’ fuel market and roughly 98 percent of our crude imports come from  the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE).

 

Garin’s oil diplomacy led to two batches of 700,000 barrels each or 1.4 million barrels that have already arrived. Plus another 1.04 million barrels mentioned by Recto, total purchase of 2.48 million barrels.

 

The phased delivery schedule of the 1.04 million barrels through PNOC-EC are as follows: 142,000 barrels from Japan, delivered last March 26 in La Union and Batangas; 300,000 barrels from Malaysia and Singapore due in early April; 300,000 barrels from India due in  mid-April; and 300,000 barrels from Oman via Singapore due on end-April.

 

This is good oil diplomacy by the DOE. More oil from more countries outside our usual sources Saudi Arabia and UAE. And scheduled in phases to ensure sustained domestic availability while overall external supply uncertainty remains.

 

Garin also added that the DOE, with support from the Department of Foreign Affairs, is exploring new supply partnerships with Argentina, Australia, Brunei, Canada and Colombia.

 

As of March 27, inventory announced by the DOE showed the following number of days that finished products will last: gasoline 60 days, diesel 47 days, jet fuel 63 days, fuel oil 47 days, LPG 34 days.

 

Garin is correct to assure the public that “as we consume we add… we have a continuing supply… lead time to order more while we are consuming for the month of April.”

 

DOE plus DOF, DFA, BSP (for foreign currency use), with policy guidance from the President and the Executive Secretary, this is whole-of-government approach that converts Cabinet-level diplomatic engagement into actual oil deliveries.

 

Oil-gas supply stability should continue as the government prepares for the rollout of the Strategic Investment Priority Plan (SIPP). Committed investments, new or expansion of existing ones, should be given assurance that they will not be hampered by energy uncertainties.

 

Finally, my take on two related issues – “Libreng Sakay” program and oil excise tax suspension.

 

The  Libreng Sakay (free ride) program by the government should be done more by the local government units (LGUs) and less by the national government through DOTr and DOE. Recto’s statement lauding and encouraging the local governments of Quezon City and Manila for their Libreng Sakay initiative to their commuting residents is correct. He also lauded businesses that deferred price increases so long as they can. These are “damayan” moves by the LGUs and private businesses with the public and the national government.

 

Suspension of oil excise tax should prevail over subsidy for public transportation because we need to extend support also for tractors, harvesters, irrigation pumps, trucks, fishing boats and other machines used in farming-fishery. It is not fair that government will subsidize only the urban-based public transportation but ignore the needs of the rural-based machines and agriculture transportation.

 

Revenue losses should be compensated by spending cut somewhere and not by additional borrowings. Besides, the DOF has windfall revenues from higher VAT collections as oil prices remain high. VAT at P55/liter (before the Iran war stated) means P6.60/liter revenue while VAT at P120/liter means P14.40/liter revenue, or revenue windfall of P7.80/liter. Suspension of the P10/liter excise tax becomes bearable.

Iran War 5, 'Petroyuan' and Petrodollar

The term "Petroyuan" has been coming up more casually recently. Whether this will evolve into global adoption is still a question. Anyway, see some stories below. Cheers.
--------------

China’s yuan may be going global faster than Western data suggests, analysts say

Sylvia Ma, 6 Apr 2026 

https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3348907/chinas-yuan-may-be-going-global-faster-western-data-suggests-analysts-say


War in Iran Tests the Petrodollar as China’s Yuan Gains Ground
The Deutsche Bank assessment from last week indicated that the ongoing conflict might trigger the decline of petrodollar supremacy while starting the petroyuan system.
SYED SALMAN MEHDI, APRIL 4, 2026

Trump turning China’s yuan into world’s next safe haven
As Trump batters the Fed, dollar and US credibility, China’s yuan bonds are slowly but surely filling the safe-haven void
By WILLIAM PESEK, APRIL 3, 2026

Dollar dominance is reinforced by the global oil trade, but the Iran war could give rise to the ‘petroyuan’ as the U.S. security shield weakens
By Jason Ma, March 28, 2026

Iran war could boost China’s ‘petroyuan’ and weaken US dollar dominance, analysts say
China launched yuan-denominated oil futures contracts in 2018, though US dollar-based contracts continue to dominate.
Ralph Jennings, 26 Mar 2026

Monday, April 06, 2026

My two interviews last week in OneNews and BNC

Last week I was interviewed twice. In Bilyonaryo News Channel (BNC), Agenda Weekend, report by Joash Malimban, starts at 5:50 


Then in One News, report by Brig Lewis, 

"While the Philippines was not sourcing oil from Iran, economist Bienvenido Oplas Jr. said the assurance would “significantly help” since imports from other Middle Eastern countries still have to pass through the Strait of Hormuz.

Oplas, however, noted that Dubai crude remains elevated, with futures prices hovering around $125 per barrel."

BWorld 859, On hydropower and net metering

On hydropower and net metering

March 24, 2026 | 12:02 am

My Cup Of Liberty

By Bienvenido S. Oplas, Jr.

https://www.bworldonline.com/opinion/2026/03/24/738108/on-hydropower-and-net-metering/

 


Iran has the fourth largest oil reserves in the world with 157.8 billion barrels, next to Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, and Canada. It also has the second largest gas reserves in the world with 32.1 trillion cubic meters (tcm), next to Russia’s 37.4 tcm. This information is not new.

 

But I was surprised to learn that Iran also has a large hydropower capacity. In 2019, their hydropower plants produced 33.9 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity while the Philippines’ hydro plants produced only 8 TWh that year. But their hydro plants lacked continuing investments and innovation, so by 2024 they produced only 18.9 TWh, which was still larger than our 11.9 TWh that year.

 

I checked the details on the world’s large hydropower producers. In terms of volume, the largest is China with 1,354 TWh in 2024 or 30% of total global hydro generation. It was followed by Brazil, Canada, the US, and Russia.

 

In terms of hydro to total generation ratio, the largest is Norway with 88% in 2024, followed by Venezuela with 87%, and Ecuador with 66%. The global ratio is 14% (see Table 1).

 

TOURING AMBUKLAO

The huge Philippine Electric Power Industry Forum (PEPIF) 2026 was held on March 12 in Baguio City, organized by the Independent Electricity Market Operators of the Philippines (IEMOP) and co-sponsored by four corporations — SN Aboitiz Power (SNAP), Meralco Power Gen Corp. (MGEN), ACEN, and Exist.

 

After the PEPIF, I asked SNAP if I could visit their nearest hydropower plant; they agreed and toured me through the Ambuklao hydro plant, which is just one hour from Baguio City. SNAP’s Kris Vargas accompanied me as we were brought around by Ambuklao’s Plant Manager, Hollis Fernandez, who gave me something like a brief Mechanical Engineering 101 course in one hour. He’s a cool guy.

 

Mr. Fernandez drove us deep below the huge water reservoir and showed me Ambuklao’s facilities — a penstock, the three turbines (which produce 37.5 MW each), the electricity generator, the transformer to boost voltage for transmission, the cooling system, the elaborate electrical cables, then a long steep stairs — hundreds of steps with no landings — all the way to the top of the water reservoir. We did not climb it of course; my senior citizen legs would never forgive me if I did, even if I was an active mountaineer in my younger days.

 

During the PEPIF, SNAP President and CEO Joseph Yu said that their company operates a total of 673 MW of hydro installed capacity in Northern Luzon. He also emphasized that while SNAP owns the hydro plant facilities, the dams, weir, and reservoir are still owned by the government via the National Power Corp.-Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management  Corp. (NPC-PSALM) and the National Irrigation Administration (NIA).

 

I checked the Department of Energy website for information on the large hydro plants in Luzon. SNAP owns three of the nine plants — Ambuklao, Binga, and Magat. The good thing here as explained by both Messrs. Yu and  Fernandez, is that SNAP has significantly increased the capacity of these three plants. For example, Ambuklao’s capacity was increased from the original 75 MW to 112.5 MW, an expansion of 37.5 MW which was done without raising the height of the dam. It was done just through innovations and modernization of the facilities. Their Norwegian partner Scatec (formerly SN Power) provided the modern facilities and engineering innovations as Norway is the most sophisticated hydropower producer in the world.

 

Aboitiz Power (AP) is the largest hydro operator in the Philippines, especially with their purchase of the Caliraya-Botocan-Kalayaan (CBK) pumped storage hydro (PSH) via Thunder Consortium, AP’s partnership with Sumitomo Corp. and J-Power, both of Japan. Plus there are SNAP’s three plants and Bakun of Luzon Hydro, an AP subsidiary.

 

San Miguel Global Power (SMGP) is second largest hydro operator with their huge San Roque plant via subsidiary Strategic Power, and Angat Hydro (see Table 2).

 


The man responsible for the early expansion of SNAP’s business was Manny Rubio, its president in 2007 when SNAP acquired Magat, then Ambuklao, then Binga. He developed the project financing to acquire the three plants in a year — what a finance wizard! In 2007, Ambuklao was still non-operational after the big earthquake of 1990, Binga was running but degraded, and Magat he converted from a baseload to a merchant peaking plant. Within 18 months of operations, SNAP surpassed its financial targets, supported by effective trading strategies and disciplined operations and maintenance.

 

Mr. Rubio later became President and CEO of AP, from 2015 until his retirement in 2024. Then, the day after his retirement, Manny V. Pangilinan got him to head MGEN. MGEN is very lucky to have this engineer-finance whiz.

 

I also spoke to SNAP’s Mr. Yu and I listened to his presentation at PEPIF — the guy is another finance and tech wizard. He spoke not only about megawatts from hydro, megawatt-hours from battery energy storage systems, but also about digital transformation, data science, predictive analytics, and integrated remote operations. Topics that are Greek to me.

 

NET METERING

Meanwhile, a brief note about how net metering from rooftop solar owners are being paid by private distribution utilities (DUs) and electric cooperatives (ECs). Today it is paid at the average generation cost of DUs and ECs, which is higher than the average wholesale electricity spot market (WESM) prices. When the net metering policy was developed and enacted, WESM prices were high during the day, making the case of buying electricity at average generation cost valid. Also, solar panel costs were more than twice the current costs of around $0.11-0.13 per kWh peak.

 

Today, WESM prices are low and solar panel prices are low, so why pay the rooftop owners the average generation cost? This raises the rates of DUs and ECS, which are then passed on to customers who cannot afford rooftop solar. The business case for rooftop solar has changed, they do not need incentives like net metering anymore.

PhilStar 86, The national emergency EO and cautions on some provisions

The national emergency EO and cautions on some provisions


ENERGY, INFRA AND ECONOMICS - Bienvenido Oplas Jr. - The Philippine Star

March 26, 2026 | 12:00am

https://www.philstar.com/business/2026/03/26/2516781/national-emergency-eo-and-cautions-some-provisions

 

President Marcos issued Executive Order (EO) 110 titled “Declaring a State of National Energy Emergency and Authorizing the Unified Package for Livelihoods, Industry, Food and Transport” (UPLIFT) last Tuesday, March 24.

 

Many provisions of the EO are good and worth supporting, like promotion of energy conservation, action against hoarding, profiteering, and supply manipulation of petroleum products.

 

But some provisions of the new EO may be counter-productive. I see at least three.

 

One, “Formulate longer-term demand-side solutions and strategies to decrease consumption of petroleum products… including accelerating the transition to renewable energy through the use of electric vehicles in mass transport, integration of renewable energy in agriculture, logistics and manufacturing” (Section 4e).

 

Two, “Adoption of appropriate regulatory measures in the operation of the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM), including the possible suspension of market operations or the declaration of a temporary market failure” (Section 5g).

 

Three, “Provide support for the public transport sector through… fuel subsidy allocations and commuter fare subsidies” (Section 6ai).

 

To provide context why I said the above may be dangerous, consider the following movement in prices and rates, from Feb. 27 (a day before the attack on Iran) to March 24, unless indicated, and percent increase or decrease.

 

A. Energy: Dubai crude oil in $/barrel,  68.4 to 131.97 (March 23), 92.9 percent.

Coal in $/ton, 118.5 to 140.4 (March 23), 18.5 percent.

JKM LNG in $/mmbtu, 10.72 to 20.52, 91.4 percent.

 

Wind index in $, 24.47 to 23.70, -3.1 percent.

Solar index in $, 54.60 to 55.10, 0.9 percent.

 

B. Fertilizer related: Urea in $/ton, 465.5 to 670.5, 44.0 percent.

Sufur in CN yuan/ton, 3,877 to 5,183, 33.7 percent.

 

C. Philippine indicators: Exchange rate in P/$, 57.71 to 60.09, 4.1 percent.

PSEi stock market index, 6,611 to 5,936, -10.2 percent.

Government 10-year bond yields in percent, 5.92 to 7.11, 1.19 percentage point.

 

Implications of the above numbers on the three provisions of EO 110.

 

On (1) “acceleration to RE,” it is not happening until now, there is zero attractiveness of wind-solar as substitute or alternative to hydrocarbons as shown by their flat index. The alternatives to Middle East oil-gas are North America or Russia or East Asia oil-gas. That is why when Dubai or Saudi oil prices are high, WTI (US), Brent (Europe), Urals (Russia) oil prices are also high. Oil is a necessity, like food, water and air.

 

On (2) “possible suspension of market operations/WESM,” meaning more electricity price control, frequent invocation of secondary price cap of P7.42/kwh. But coal that provides 60 percent of total electricity in the Philippines, prices have increased. Indigenous Malampaya gas prices (pegged at Dubai crude oil prices) will increase, imported LNG prices have increased.

 

If overall power generation cost goes up to say P10-11/kwh but government will impose price control of P7.42/kwh, then many people will not conserve, electricity demand will remain high while supply will shrink as power producers are losing money, this will lead to blackout. And the most expensive electricity is no electricity, blackout.

 

On (3), fuel subsidy for public transportation, fare subsidy while excluding subsidy for  farming-fishing related machines (tractors, harvesters, irrigation pumps, trucks, fishing boats, etc.). Then rising prices of urea, phosphate and other fertilizers that use sulfur and ammonia as inputs are rising. So high diesel prices for tractors and harvesters, high fertilizer prices for crops mean high food inflation.

 

If government will expand subsidy to agri-fishery machines and people, then borrowings will further increase, interest rates will further increase on already steep rise in government bond rates as we are expanding spending on money we do not have.

 

Our outstanding public debt as of January 2026 is P18.13 trillion. Even if new borrowing for the rest of the year is zero, at seven percent interest rate our public debt will rise to P19.39 trillion by January 2027, the increase of P1.26 trillion is for interest payment alone.

 

Other policy measures that the President may consider would be the following.

 

One, policy signal that Philippines will explore and develop more oil-gas-coal, that we embrace fossil fuels and not demonize them. No subsidy nor taxes for these products needed. Accelerate our hydrocarbons development, not more RE expansion.

 

Two, expand diplomatic relationship with China to develop more offshore oil and gas. The President has already announced that the Middle East war and oil-gas price shocks are “impetus for both sides to come to an agreement,” referring to China on joint oil-gas exploration in the South China Sea.

 

Three, avoid new subsidies on top of existing subsidies funded by borrowings, avoid war mongering and war preparations on money we do not have and to be funded by borrowings. Cut or remove current oil taxes that distort prices upwards. And abolish old subsidies before creating new subsidies and freebies.

 

Four, instruct the DILG and MMDA, meet with city mayors to suspend number coding with penalties. High gasoline-diesel prices are enough reason for people to leave their cars for non-important trips. More fines and penalties by government on non-criminal activities tend to create more public animosity against government, non-support for its programs and policies.

 

Five, limit if not cancel government officials’ foreign and domestic trips and meetings  related to anti-fossil fuel and climate narratives. We need more fossil fuels, not less. The really dirty energy are candles for lighting and animal manure for cooking.

 

We need many by-products of oil, from nylon in our clothes, paint for our bicycles and houses, synthetic rubber for our slippers and vehicle tires, chemicals and packaging for our medicines, and so on. Ammonia for fertilizers, natural gas is an important input. Coal produces electricity and coal ash is used in cement production.

Sunday, April 05, 2026

BWorld 858, On rising government bond rates, US public debt and war

On rising government bond rates, US public debt and war

March 19, 2026 | 12:02 am

My Cup Of Liberty

By Bienvenido S. Oplas, Jr.

https://www.bworldonline.com/opinion/2026/03/19/737246/on-rising-government-bond-rates-us-public-debt-and-war/

 

Positive economic news is hard to find these days. Nonetheless I consider these reports in BusinessWorld as positive news, all published on March 17: “Slightly positive business sentiment signals ‘cautious optimism’ in the Philippines,” “House approves bill allowing Marcos to suspend or cut excise tax on fuel,” “Senate approves bill authorizing President to temporarily reduce or freeze fuel excise,” and “PHL in talks with China to obtain more fertilizer.”

 

I believe that the government should cut the various oil taxes under the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) Act of 2017 (RA 10963), implemented in 2018-2020, which made the tax on diesel go from zero to P6/liter, gasoline from P4 to P10/liter, LPG from zero to P3/kilo, and so on.

 

Sure, revenue will decline slightly, but government has windfall revenues from higher VAT collection on oil products — while the VAT on P60/liter diesel will garner it P6.60/liter, VAT on P90/liter diesel will give the government P10.80/liter. That will help compensate for the temporary removal of the diesel excise tax of P6/liter.

 

Another measure is to have spending cuts on certain sectors and agencies, like climate and war-mongering agencies and departments.

 

Other sectors in the Philippines oppose an oil tax cut and prefer creating or expanding subsidies for public transportation. I do not support this because it creates sectoral favoritism. Tractors, harvesters, irrigation pumps, trucks, fishing boats, and other agri-fishery machinery also need subsidies and the government will ignore them under the current transportation subsidy scheme. If the government should subsidize, it should subsidize all or none at all. An oil tax cut coupled with a spending and subsidy cut somewhere is still the easiest to administer, and would be most fair to all.

 


With these moves for either higher spending or cutting taxes, the yields on Philippine 10-year government bonds have spiked, from 5.92% on Feb. 27 (the day before Israel and the US attacked Iran) to 6.73% on March 17 — a 13.7% jump. Thailand has seen a higher expansion of 27% as it plans a huge oil subsidy via its Oil Fuel Fund. In Europe, the largest increase in 10-year bonds was that of Switzerland, from 0.20% to 0.33% yield (see Table 1). 

 

Our outstanding public debt in 2025 was P18.05 trillion. Even if we do not borrow more in 2026, at a 6.7% average interest rate our public debt will rise to P19.26 trillion by end-2026 — the P1.21 trillion increase represents interest payment alone.

 

Hence, the need to confront the bloated spending problem. Tax revenues keep rising, but any gain or increase is quickly dissipated by increases in public spending. The various agencies, bureaucracies, and legislators have very fertile imaginations when it comes to expanding spending. We also need to do large-scale privatization of some government assets and corporations, like the Agus-Pulangi hydro plants in Mindanao.

 

We also need to embrace hydrocarbons and fossil fuels, not demonize them. We should encourage more exploration and development of indigenous oil, gas, and coal, and stop these “net zero” and “decarbonization” moves. The global energy transition now is from Middle East fossil fuels to fossil fuels from Russia, North America, Indonesia, etc.

 

Meanwhile, the US under President Donald Trump has gone crazy, embroiled in various wars, both actual and in preparation for. They have had a proxy war against Russia in Ukraine for more than four years now. They are engaged in a Middle East-wide war against Iran, and they are preparing for war against China over Taiwan and the South China Sea.

 

Wars are never cheap, they are costly, both in public finance, people’s lives, and property damage. I checked the numbers of US public debt — it is getting worse.

 

During the four years of the Biden administration, US public debt was rising by $2.12 trillion/year, or an average of $5.8 billion/day. During Trump’s first year, the debt increased by $2.25 trillion or $6.2 billion/day.

 

During war preparations against Iran, from Jan. 21 to Feb. 27, US debt was rising by $8.2 billion/day. Since the war started, debt has been rising by $13.1 billion/day. So, estimates of $1 billion/day spent on the Iran war alone may be understated (see Table 2).

 


Ending the current big war in the Middle East is the logical thing to do. But the US-Israel tandem is already embroiled, and Iran is already heavily damaged and will seek prolonged revenge. Then there has been some damage to seven Middle East countries that host US military bases or facilities.

 

The Philippines, as Chair of the ASEAN in 2026, should play a major role in pursuing peace and prosperity, at least in East Asia. It should focus more on trade and commerce, investments and tourism, and not war mongering. Peace and prosperity, not war and destruction.

PhilStar 85, Economic uncertainty and digital payment infrastructure

Economic uncertainty and digital payment infrastructure


ENERGY, INFRA AND ECONOMICS - Bienvenido Oplas Jr. - The Philippine Star

March 19, 2026 | 12:00am

https://www.philstar.com/business/2026/03/19/2515238/economic-uncertainty-and-digital-payment-infrastructure

 

Energy uncertainty means economic uncertainty. The ongoing war in the Middle East started by the US-Israel against Iran last Feb. 28 led to Iran hitting back at Israel and US military bases or facilities in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan and Iraq.

 

These are oil-gas producing and exporting countries. Choking of the Strait of Hormuz has worsened the situation. So by-products of crude oil and gas — from gasoline, diesel, LPG, LNG, fertilizers, industrial and petrochemical products —  prices have jumped high.

 

These energy, industrial, agricultural price shocks need to be mitigated somewhere. One such absorbent infrastructure is digital finance. How? Via easier transactions payment, with transparent paper trails done in real time. This reduces cost of financial transactions, people save money and time.

 

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) data show that in 2025, digital payments accounted for 72 percent of payments made by individuals. Meaning less cash transactions mostly done by oldies like me who still prefer to pay in cash whenever possible.

 

The Philippines built one of Southeast Asia’s most active digital payments ecosystems in the last decade. Millions of Filipinos now use mobile platforms to send money, pay bills, receive remittances and support small businesses. National platforms like GCash, May, and other local payment systems have integrated into regional platforms like Grab.

 

I often pay my purchases by cash but I also occasionally receive payments or make payments via GCash. It is clear that tens of millions of Filipinos have GCash account doing transactions from petty amount of less than P100 to tens of thousands of pesos including remittances by OFWs. Both volume and scale of transactions are large.

 

Technological innovation was made by the private players themselves but regulatory facilitation while setting safegards for public protection was made by the BSP. That thing QR Ph is good, it introduced interoperable digital payments, standardized QR code across banks and e-wallets covering all from micro-small-medium enterprises (MSMEs).

 

Small retailers are among the biggest beneficiaries. A survey by Packworks found that e-wallet usage among sari-sari stores have increased by 75 percent in the past year, largely driven by growing consumer demand for cashless transactions. Interoperable systems such as QR Ph allow small merchants to accept payments from multiple wallets and banking apps, enabling them to participate more actively in the digital economy.

 

I checked the value and percent changes of M1, the most liquid measure of money supply in an economy. This is money that is immediately available for spending like  physical currency (banknotes and coins) in circulation, demand deposits (checking accounts), and other checkable deposits. There are also M2, M3, M4 but M1 is the narrowest, most liquid money supply.

 

Then I chose large population Asian countries, those with 100 million and more people. Over the past 10 years, 2015 to 2025, even January 2016 to January 2026 for some countries. Here is what I saw.

 

Vietnam M1 from 1.46 trillion dong in 2015 to 4.32 trillion dong in 2025, threefold increase. Indonesia from one trillion rupiah to 3.4 trillion rupiah same period, 3.4 times increase. India from 23.5 trillion rupee to 73.7 trillion rupee, fourfold increase. Pakistan from 9.25 trillion rupee in January 2016 to 36.9 trillion rupee in January 2026, fourfold increase. Philippines from P2.5 trillion in January 2016 to P7.58 trillion in January 2026, threefold increase.

 

So we are at similar level of money supply expansion as Vietnam but lower than Indonesia, India, Pakistan. Japan and South Korea have less than double expansion of M1 over 10 years.

 

The limited expansion of our M1 is another indicator that demand and supply for hard peso cash and checking accounts have lesser appetite now, more people have shifted to digital payment transactions.

 

Digital payments help improve the efficiency of the broader economy by making financial transactions move quicker and safer, more transparent. Businesses operate more smoothly, transactions become easier to track, and more economic activities  enter the formal economy. This is particularly important for MSMEs.

 

There are millions of Filipino workers and professionals in the Middle East, mainly in Saudi Arabia and UAE. I read that GCash has waived certain remittance-related fees to help OFWs send money home more easily amid uncertainty in parts of the Middle East. I also read that PLDT has offered free calls for limited time for Filipinos here calling their folks in the Middle East.

 

Actions like these show how digital financial platforms can respond quickly during geopolitical tensions and uncertainties. These reduce tension and anxieties for Filipinos in both ends of Asia.

 

Meanwhile UAE finance and tourism is badly affected. UAE has six of the top 60 largest and wealthiest sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) in the world with combined assets of some $2.2 trillion, which is 1,000 times larger than our SWF, the Maharlika Investment Corp’s $2 billion assets.

 

I see further outmigration of UAE funds to more stable regions like the ASEAN, and the Philippines has an existing Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with UAE already, the only free trade agreement the Philippines has among Middle East countries.

 

Should that investment flows from UAE to the Philippines start getting larger, digital payments will play a big role not only in projects themselves but also among people.

 

Additional technological innovation by the private players, more regulatory liberalization by the BSP and continued collaboration between the two will contribute to growing trust among millions of Filipino users and foreign investors.

 

Geopolitical uncertainties in the Middle East and other parts of the world will never go away. We can only anticipate those and lay down digital infrastructures that will help mitigate the economic and financial uncertainties for our people.