Monday, February 09, 2015

Fiscal Irresponsibility 28: Greece's Public Debt and Populism

The most indebted, most fiscally irresponsible government in Europe, Greece has been hugging international news recently because of its huge public debt, and the huge bail out money given by many governments to  it. This useful chart was sent by a friend, Luz. I think she got this from The Economist, am not sure.


Three years ago, Greece's debt/GDP ratio was already above 150 percent. No sensible economy would dare touch that zone unless the bulk of such debt are domestic, like Japan's.


source: Intl. Business Times,February 25, 2014

Regional economic community (EC) and blocs like the ASEAN EC (AEC) can learn lessons from the case of Greece and the European EC (EEC) so that such mistakes should not be imitated and repeated. Subsidizing a spend-spend-spend, borrow-borrow-borrow economy to protect the regional currency and stability of the whole bloc creates huge moral hazards (dependency, entitlement mentality, related) problems.


(Note: I copied that link and chart this morning. When I checked it tonight, it says "404.Page not found", so Bloomberg took  it down, for some reason/s)

Why is Greece in this deep trouble"
An article from BBC has a good explanation:

Greece was living beyond its means even before it joined the euro. After it adopted the single currency, public spending soared. Public sector wages, for example, rose 50% between 1999 and 2007 - far faster than in most other eurozone countries. The government also ran up big debts paying for the 2004 Athens Olympics.

And while money flowed out of the government's coffers, its income was hit by widespread tax evasion. So, after years of overspending, its budget deficit - the difference between spending and income - spiralled out of control.


source: BBC, Eurozone crisis explained, November 27, 2012

A populist, anti-austerity, socialist-leaning government won last month led by new PM Alexis Tsipras. He talked tough, suggesting that he would call for huge discounts in paying the public debt. But the Finance Ministers of Germany, France, other huge EU lenders countered, "Greece must pay."

With some twist, PM Tsipras agrees to honoring its debt and some spending cuts like "trimming ministerial benefits like cars and selling one of the prime minister's aircraft." Good move then, 


The main problem here and in many other countries is government over-spending, living beyond its means, over-subsidies, over-welfarism and populism. For decades. 

Huge debt is nothing but accumulated wastes and profligacy. If previous spending financed by debt was productive, then the economy should be able to have a balance if not fiscal surplus, and pay back old debt.  

The big question of how to pay that mountain of debt is not so  much addressed to the  new Greek leadership, but the Greek people themselves. Is it too much to ask for huge public spending cuts, especially in  subsidies and  pension, if their government does not have the resources to sustain funding them? If they say Yes, then are they prepared to pay more taxes, more regulatory fees, more mandatory contributions, more fines and penalties?

Most likely people will  say No, or "Yes but tax only the super rich". But the very rich have many ways to adopt. Like negotiating  their way out as they have access to the  best law firms, accounting and  PR firms. Or they can  simply leave the country with their wealth. This already happened in France, when PM  Hollande imposed the 75 percent income tax on people who earn 1 million  Euro a year or more. Many super rich French businessmen surrendered their French passports and  acquired new  ones in Switzerland, Belgium, UK, Russia, etc.

A highly welfarist and  populist government invites lots of corruption. First, in corrupting the people's values, the culture of state dependency and entitlement thinking. Second. in corrupting politicians, legislators and the bureaucracy's values, that over-taxing other people  is ok, it  is  fine,  in  the name of fighting inequality and pampering the culture of envy.

Governments should shrink, spending, taxation and bureaucracies. The public must reclaim their bigger role in  running their own  lives, and the finances to sustain their own lives, their households and communities.
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See also: 
Fiscal irresponsibility 12: More on US debt default, July 28, 2011

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