ALMOST ALL the modern things that we enjoy now, from
mobile phones to computers, TVs, refrigerators, cars, buses, trucks, tractors,
planes, buildings, airports, etc., come from mining. It is not possible to have
modern life, to live more productively, wealthier and healthier, without using
the products of mining.
Many people take this for granted. That is why many
people hate mining, especially big corporate mining and wish that there will be
“No Mining” policy in the whole country soon.
The contribution of mining in the Philippine economy
looks small. Just 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) and only 0.6% of total
employment. And so the temptation to “Close all mining” calls continue.
But read the first paragraph again. People only see the
stones, rocks, and soil being removed from a particular province, the mud and
tailings that flow during heavy rains while ignoring the fact their gadgets,
appliances, vehicles, buildings, electrical cables, and wires come from those
rocks and soil extracted somewhere else.
Between “No to Mining” and “Allow Mining” is the
philosophy of “Over-tax, over-regulate Mining”, and this is what we have now.
First, the Philippines has the highest value added tax
(VAT) or gross sales tax rate in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
And second highest in corporate income tax (CIT) at 32%, next to Myanmar’s 35%;
it is almost twice the CIT in Singapore of only 17%.
Second, the number of taxes, royalties, regulatory fees,
contributions and mandatory community expenditures that a mining company must
pay is rising through time.
Thus, after paying those taxes and fees to government,
supposedly to finance public education, public health, public housing, public
roads, various livelihood trainings and seminars, a mining firm must spend
extra to build its own school and training center, own hospital and clinic, own
housing, own roads, drainage and street lighting, conduct livelihood trainings,
and so on via social development and management program (hundreds of millions a
year), environmental protection and management program, environmental work
program, etc.
It is obvious that the over-taxation and over-regulation
of mining is driven by envy and political opportunism. Mining and extractive companies
are next to evil so governments and the communities that host them should
extract as much social and economic rent from them.
There are proposed revisions to current mining tax and
the most dominant proposal coming from the Mining Industry Coordinating Council
(MICC) is proposing an even higher taxation and government share.
House Bill 5367, the MICC version, proposes that
government as “owner” of the minerals should get 10% of a miner’s gross
revenues for the year, or 55% of “adjusted net mining revenues (ANMR)” (ANMR:
gross revenue less production and other deductible costs but not to exceed 10%
of direct mining, milling and processing costs), whichever is higher; and 60%
of any windfall profit (in case the “ANMR margin” -- ANMR divided by gross
revenue -- exceeds 50%, the government gets 55% of that threshold of 50% of
gross revenue plus 60% of the excess).
The consolation is that those high taxes will replace the
CIT, royalty to indigenous communities, duties on imported specialized capital
mining equipment, mayor’s business permits and other fees and charges imposed
by host local government units (LGUs).
The non-consolation is that other existing taxes and fees
will still be paid,like the VAT, capital gains tax, stock transaction tax,
documentary stamp tax, withholding taxes, environmental fee, real property tax,
Securities and Exchange Commission fee and soon.
It is not good to create public policies, in taxation and
mandatory fees and contributions in particular, based on envy. People benefit
from mining, directly or indirectly, even if taxes are just 10% or zero. It is
the fear of “environmental destruction” that is paramount in the hearts of many
people. So long as the company institutes measures and spend huge money to
control or minimize such danger, the politics of envy should be curtailed.
Imposing very high taxes and complicated requirements
will drive away the legal, large, responsible mining companies that want to
remain honest. Or it will force them to become corrupt just to stay in
business. “Small-scale” and illegal mining that are hardly taxed and regulated
will flourish.
Tax hike proposals should be compensated with
streamlining and abolition of other taxes, charges, and over-bearing
requirements.
Bienvenido S. Oplas, Jr. is the head of Minimal
Government Thinkers, Inc. and a Fellow of the South East Asia Network for
Development (SEANET).
See also:
BWorld 15, The PH electricity market, August 15, 2015
BWorld 16, Growth, capitalism and inequality, August 22, 2015
BWorld 17, More on the Philippine electricity market, August 30, 2015
BWorld 18, Non-tariff barriers in the ASEAN, September 12, 2015
Mining 44, Presentation at the Mining 2015 Conference, September 17, 2015
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